Word meanings
Short definition
[in LXX for עָמַד, etc. ;]
I. Transitive verb. in present tense., imperfect., future tense., 1 aorist.;
1. to place beside, present, provide: with accusative, Act.9:41 23:24, 2Co.4:14, Col.1:28; with accusative and dative, Mat.26:53, Luk.2:22, Act.1:3 23:33, 1Co.8:8; before accusative pred., Rom.6:13, 16 (late pres., παριστάνετε), Rom.6:19 12:1, 2Co.11:2, Eph.5:27, Col.1:22, 2Ti.2:15.
2. to present to the mind (cl.) : by argument, to prove (Xen., FlJ, al.), with accusative, Act.24:13.
II. Intransitive. in perfect., pluperfect., 2 aorist.;
1. to stand by or beside one : with dative of person(s), Act.1:10 9:39 23:2 27:23; ptcp., Mrk.14:47, 69-70 15:35, 39 Jhn.18:22 19:26.
2. to appear: with nom. pred., before ἐνώπιον, Act.4:10; with dative of person(s), Act.27:24; so fut. mid. (of. LS, see word, B, ii, 2), Rom.14:10.
3. to be at hand, be present, have come: Act.4:26 (LXX); of servants in attendance, ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ, Luk.1:19; absol., οἱ παρεστῶτες, Luk.19:24; before αὐτῷ, Act.23:2, 4; of time, Mrk.4:29
4. to stand by for help or defence (Hom., Dem., Xen., al.): with dative of person(s), Rom.16:2, 2Ti.4:17.†
(AS)
Strong's dictionary
from παρά and ἵστημι; to stand beside, i.e. (transitively) to exhibit, proffer, (specially), recommend, (figuratively) substantiate; or (intransitively) to be at hand (or ready), aid:--assist, bring before, command, commend, give presently, present, prove, provide, shew, stand (before, by, here, up, with), yield.
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (public domain)
Full lexicon entry (Liddell-Scott-Jones)
A causal in present, imperfect, future, and aorist 1; later perfect παρέστᾰκα in same sense, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
A.I cause to stand, place beside, π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ᾽ ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his arms into view, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τινὰ φυλάττειν set one near a thing to guard it, variant in [Refs]
A.II set before the mind, present, ὑπόθεσιν.. οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν that they may put this into your minds, [Refs]; π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων, [Refs]; arouse, inspire, οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ᾽ ἡ ἀτιμία [Refs]; π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+] prompt you to that decision, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν give one confidence, variant in [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τινί with infinitive, put it into his head to.., [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also π. τινὶ ὅτι or ὡς.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2 dispose a person, πρὸς μελαγχολίας [Refs 1st c.BC+]:—also in passive, V. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3 of a Poet, represent, describe, τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα [Refs 1st c.BC+] —passive, παριστάσθω ὅτι.. let it be stated that.., [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.4 furnish, supply, deliver, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.II.5 make good, prove, show, τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις [NT+5th c.BC+]
A.II.6 with accusative person, present, offer, ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, [NT]
A.II.6.b commend, βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ [NT]
A.II.7 render, [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως [Refs 1st c.AD+]
A.II.8 in later Greek, as in middle (V. C. 1), produce in court, etc., [Refs 2nd c.AD+], etc.:—passive, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
A.III set side by side, compare, [πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις [Refs 5th c.BC+] — The use of these active tenses occurs in Pl.[same place], but first becomes common in Oratt.
B passive, with aorist 2, perfect and pluperfect active, intransitive:
B.I stand by, beside, or near, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι, of a beggar,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα, of a painter's model, [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle παραστάς with a Verb, εἶπε παραστάς [Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρασταθείς, variant for{κατασταθείς}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2 stand by, i.e. help, defend, τινι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; βοηθοὶ π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II more frequently in past tenses, to have come, δεῦρο παρέστης [Refs 8th c.BC+]; to be at hand, νῆες δ᾽ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν [Refs]
B.II.2 of events, to be near, be at hand, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος [Refs 8th c.BC+]: in future middle, σοὶ..παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ᾽ ὀλοή [Refs 4th c.BC+], compare 73: frequently in perfect, παρέστηχ᾽ ὡς ἔοικ᾽ ἀγὼν μέγας [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in participle, τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Attic dialect form παρεστώς, ῶσα, ός, th=s parestw/shs no/sou [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦ π. θέρους[Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ παρεστῶτα present circumstances, τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π., [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III come to the side of another, come over to his opinion, παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην [Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, come to terms, surrender, submit, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.IV happen to one, τῷ δὴ λέγουσι.. θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially come into one's head, occur to one, τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δόξα π. τινὶ ὥστε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς.. [Refs]; π. θαῦμα, γνώμη, [Refs 5th c.BC+] it occurs to me; τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται.. τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι to whom it will not occur to wish for death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; participle, τὸ παριστάμενον that which comes into one's head, a thought, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν speak offhand, [Refs 1st c.AD+]
B.V to be disposed, πρὸς τὰς πράξεις [Refs 1st c.BC+]
B.V.2 collect oneself, παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον [Refs 1st c.BC+]; τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς[Refs 1st c.AD+]
B.V.3 metaphorically, οἶνος παρίσταται the wine improves, becomes fit for drinking, opposed to ἐξίσταται, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.V.3.b of a crop, to be ripe, ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; so probably ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν [Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B.VI παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν to be beside oneself, lose one's wits, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π. [Refs]
B.VI.2 to be passionately devoted to, ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.VII absolutely, παρεστηκός, ={παρόν}, since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
C Some tenses of middle, present and imperfect sometimes, future and aorist I almost always (for exceptions, see above [Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.I set by one's side, bring forward, produce, π. ἱερεῖα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially in a court of justice, τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παιδία παραστήσεται (of a culprit) [Refs 4th c.BC+]; παραστήσασθαί τινα produce him as witness, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.I.2 commend, τινί τινα [Refs 1st c.AD+]
C.II bring to one's side, bring over by force, bring to terms, ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II.2 generally, dispose for one's own views or purposes, τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε.. so to dispose a person that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; dispose, induce a person, πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν [Refs]: with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
Every occurrence
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Mark 4:29 παρέστηκεν parestēken · An action: finished, with a lasting result, done by him, her or it
But when the fruit is ripe, straightway he putteth forth the sickle, because the harvest is come.
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Mark 14:47 παρεστηκότων parestēkotōn · An -ing word: finished, with a lasting result
But a certain one of them that stood by drew his sword, and smote the servant of the high priest, and struck off his ear.
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Mark 14:69 παρεστῶσιν parestōsin · An -ing word: finished, with a lasting result
And the maid saw him, and began again to say to them that stood by, This is one of them.
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Mark 14:70 παρεστῶτες parestōtes · An -ing word: finished, with a lasting result
But he again denied it. And after a little while again they that stood by said to Peter, of a truth thou art one of them; for thou art a Galilaean.
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Mark 15:35 παρεστηκότων parestēkotōn · An -ing word: finished, with a lasting result
And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elijah.
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Mark 15:39 παρεστηκὼς parestēkōs · An -ing word: finished, with a lasting result
And when the centurion, who stood by over against him, saw that he so gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.
American Standard Version (1901). Public domain.